Águas de São Pedro

Águas de São Pedro
—  Municipality  —
Municipality of the Hydromineral Spa of Águas de São Pedro
View of the midtown and the Jardim Iporanga neighborhood in Águas de São Pedro

Flag

Coat of arms
Logo
Nickname(s): Águas
Motto: Omnibus Pax Et Sanitas (Latin for Peace and Health for Everyone)
Anthem: Hino a Águas de São Pedro
Location in the state of São Paulo
Águas de São Pedro
Location of the city in Brazil
Coordinates:
Country  Brazil
Region Southeast
State  São Paulo
Founded July 25, 1940
Incorporated December 24, 1948
Government
 • Mayor Paulo Cesar Borges (PSDB)
 • Aldermen
Area
 • Total 3.640 km2 (1.4 sq mi)
Elevation 470 m (1,542 ft)
Population (2007)
 • Total 2,340
 • Density 642.9/km2 (1,665.1/sq mi)
 • Demonym Água-pedrense
Time zone UTC-3 (UTC-3)
 • Summer (DST) UTC-2 (UTC-2)
Postal code 13525-000
Area code(s) 19
HDI (2000) 0.908 –very high
Website Águas de São Pedro

Águas de São Pedro (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈaɡwas di sɐ̃w̃ ˈpedɾu] ( listen)) is a Brazilian city of the state of São Paulo. It is the second smallest Brazilian city in territorial extension, with only 3.640 km².[1]

Contents

History

Bust of the city founder, Octavio Moura Andrade
The Engineer Ângelo Balloni Oil Tower is a landmark of the city history

Águas de São Pedro emerged when Octavio Moura Andrade discovered the medicinal properties from the mineral water mines of the city around 1920, when the State Governor started researches in the area for oil prospection. The researches failed in the attempt to find oil and the rigs were abandoned, but still gushing out mineral water. Later other attempts had been made to find oil in great depths, and again no oil was found. One oil rig structure still remains nowadays and it's called "Engineer Ângelo Balloni Oil Tower".

Years later, in 1934, an Italian immigrant and owner of the perforated lands, Ângelo Franzin, built a small bath house (currently known as "Youth Fountain") where he bathed himself. The water had a characteristic smell of sulphur. One year later a group of people of the roundnesses bought a lot of 100,000 m² around the bath house and built a health resort. It was twelve masonry bathtubs, in contrast with the first bath house, that was wooden. In the same year, Octavio Moura Andrade decided to build the spa, giving the name of "Caldas de São Pedro" to it and creating with his brother, Antonio Joaquim de Moura Andrade, the company "Águas Sulfídricas e Termais de São Pedro S.A." (English: "Saint Peter Thermal and Sulphydric Waters S.A.").

In four years the Technological Researches Institute of the University of São Paulo made analysis with the waters. The waters were considered good to bath and its medicinal properties had been confirmed.

Recognizing the importance of the thermal waters, the São Paulo State Government founded on June 19, 1940 the Estância Hidromineral e Climática de Águas de São Pedro (English: Hydromineral and Climatic Spa of Águas de São Pedro).

Geography

Águas de São Pedro is located in a small valley in a geographic region of the state of São Paulo called Peripheral Depression. The city have 2.06 ha (5.0903 acres and 0.69% of the municipality total area) of floodplain vegetation, totally concentrated in the banks of the river Araquá, in the southeast portion of the city, and 171.9340 ha (424.8564 acres and 17.40% of the municipality total area) of reforestation areas, mostly concentrated in Dr. Octavio Moura Andrade Municipal Park, in the northwest.[2]

Climate

According the Köppen climate classification Águas de São Pedro has a tropical savanna climate.[3]

Climate data for Águas de São Pedro
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °F (°C) 87.4
(30.8)		 87.6
(30.9)		 87.1
(30.6)		 84.0
(28.9)		 80.2
(26.8)		 78.3
(25.7)		 78.6
(25.9)		 82.6
(28.1)		 84.2
(29.0)		 85.3
(29.6)		 86.4
(30.2)		 86.2
(30.1)		 84.0
(28.9)
Daily mean °F (°C) 77.0
(25.0)		 77.4
(25.2)		 76.5
(24.7)		 72.5
(22.5)		 68.2
(20.1)		 65.8
(18.8)		 65.7
(18.7)		 68.9
(20.5)		 71.4
(21.9)		 73.4
(23.0)		 74.8
(23.8)		 75.9
(24.4)		 72.3
(22.4)
Average low °F (°C) 66.7
(19.3)		 67.1
(19.5)		 65.8
(18.8)		 61.0
(16.1)		 56.1
(13.4)		 53.6
(12.0)		 52.5
(11.4)		 55.0
(12.8)		 58.6
(14.8)		 61.7
(16.5)		 63.3
(17.4)		 65.7
(18.7)		 60.6
(15.9)
Precipitation inches (mm) 8.72
(221.5)		 7.528
(191.2)		 5.874
(149.2)		 2.827
(71.8)		 2.453
(62.3)		 1.736
(44.1)		 1.051
(26.7)		 1.067
(27.1)		 2.531
(64.3)		 4.882
(124.0)		 5.256
(133.5)		 7.551
(191.8)		 51.476
(1,307.5)
Source: Center for Meteorological and Climatic Researches Applied to Agriculture[3]

Demographics

As of the 2000 Brazilian Census, Águas de São Pedro had a population of 1,883. From that total, 1,639 inhabitants are White (87%), 230 are Pardo (brown) (12.2%), 7 are Black (0.37%), 6 are Asian (0.32%), and 2 people (0.11%) did not declare their race or ethnic group.[7]

Three hundred and five people in the city (16.2% of the city population) declared having some type of disability.[8] Among these 305 people, 26 people have permanent mental disabilities; 19 have quadriplegia, paraplegia or permanent hemiplegia; 179 are disabled, with some or great difficulty (permanent) seeing; 136 are disabled, with some or great difficulty (permanent) hearing; 119 are disabled, with some or great difficulty (permanent) walking or climbing stairs.[8]

Religion

Some places of worship in Águas de São Pedro

Assemblies of God Church
Christian Congregation of Brazil Church
Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses
Church of the Foursquare Gospel

As of the 2000 Brazilian Census, Águas de São Pedro population had 1,484 Roman Catholics (78.81%), 148 Pentecostal Christians (77 from Assemblies of God (4.09%), 59 from the Christian Congregation of Brazil (3.13%) and 12 from the Foursquare Church (0.64%)), 74 Spiritists (3.93%), 48 Jehovah's Witnesses (2.55%), 23 Esoterics (1.22%), 6 Buddhists (0.32%), 5 Orthodox Catholics (0.27%), 3 Lutherans (0.16%), 3 Islamics (0.16%), 15 people of other Christian religion (0.8%), 72 people without religion (3.82%), and 2 people who did not declare their religion (0.11%).[9]

Roman Catholic Church

Immaculate Conception Mother Church
Our Lady of Aparecida Chapel

The history of the Catholic Church in Águas de São Pedro started when Mrs. Maria Julia das Dores Andrade, mother of the city founder, asked him to build the "House of God" along with the construction of the Grand Hotel.[10] The highest place of the city was selected to erect it.

In 1946, a chapel was completed, and its architecture was based on another chapel seen by Dr. Octavio in the city of Rio de Janeiro.[10] The chapel was dedicated to Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception. In 1954, Águas de São Pedro was removed from membership of the city of São Pedro parish, and on May 29 of that same year, the present-day Immaculate Conception Parish was founded by Don Ernesto de Paula[10]. The parish is subordinate to the Diocese of Piracicaba.

Years after the foundation of the parish, a new place near the central area of the city was selected to erect a new church, but those plans were not completed because Canon Marcos Van Inn, the creator of the project, died. Then the parochial hall of the city was nominated by the Bishop of Piracicaba, Don Aníger Maria Melillo, to be adapted into the city's Mother Church, as it remains today. The title of Immaculate Conception was transferred from the old chapel to the Mother Church, and the chapel is now dedicated to Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception of the Apparition.[10]

Parks and recreation

Fountain in Octavio Moura Andrade Square

The city have two large parks (Dr. Octavio Moura Andrade Municipal Park and the Waters Park "José Benedito Zani") and a mini municipal garden.

Way of the Sun

Idealized by José Palma in 2002,[11][12] the Way of the Sun (Portuguese: Caminho do Sol) is a preparatory way to the Way of St. James, and it is recognized by the Xunta de Galicia.[13] The route ends at the city of Águas de São Pedro, in the House of St. James (Portuguese: Casa de Santiago) located in the Municipal Mini Garden. Several pilgrims, with bicycles or hiking, come to the city every year through the way as a religious pilgrimage or tourism. The way have 241 kilometers and passes through 12 municipalities in the following order: Santana de Parnaíba, Pirapora do Bom Jesus, Cabreúva, Itu, Salto, Elias Fausto, Capivari, Mombuca, Saltinho, Piracicaba, São Pedro, and Águas de São Pedro.

Government

The current mayor is Paulo Cesar Borges, also known as Paulo Ronan, affiliated to the Brazilian Social Democratic Party, and the vice mayor is Silvio Cesar Corrente, known by his nickname "Tato", affiliated to the Republic Party.

Number Name Starting date of Office Ending date of Office Political Party Status
1 Carlos Mauro April 19, 1949 June 18, 1951 Official Mayor
2 Angelo Nogueira Vila June 19, 1951 June 18, 1952
3 Geraldo Azevedo June 19, 1952 November 15, 1954
4 Armando Brandini November 16, 1954 February 15, 1955
5 Eugênio Scaranello Pires February 16, 1955 April 15, 1957
6 José Antonio Gomes Coelho April 16, 1957 November 14, 1958
7 Armando Brandini November 15, 1958 October 10, 1962
8 Antonio de Pádua Aguiar October 7, 1962 November 11, 1966
9 João Possato[note 1] November 17, 1966 November 25, 1966 Acting Mayor
10 Armando Brandini November 11, 1966 September 29, 1968 Official Mayor
11 Wilson Modesto[note 2] September 30, 1968 November 23, 1968 Acting Mayor
12 João Possato November 24, 1968 August 6, 1970 Official Mayor
13 Angelo Nogueira Vila August 7, 1975 May 9, 1979
14 João Possato May 10, 1979 January 31, 1983
15 Leonardo Belmiro February 1, 1983 December 31, 1988
16 Luiz Antonio de Mitry Filho January 1, 1989 December 31, 1992
17 Paulo Cesar Borges January 1, 1993 December 31, 1996
18 Luiz Antonio de Mitry Filho[note 3] January 1, 1997 December 30, 2003 PTB
19 Marcelo da Silva Bueno[note 4] December 31, 2003 December 31, 2008 PTB
20 Paulo Cesar Borges January 1, 2009 present PSDB

Public safety and crime

The city is a safe and calm place, with a low crime ratio compared to other cities of the state.

Education

Águas de São Pedro is served by three public schools:[4]

The city also has a higher education institution. Inaugurated in 1995,[16] the Senac University Center - Águas de São Pedro Campus (Portuguese: Centro Universitário Senac - Campus Águas de São Pedro) is a private university maintained by the Brazilian National Commercial Training Service, that is known by the acronym Senac (Portuguese: Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Comercial). It was formerly known as Senac Faculties, but in 2004 it was accredited by the Brazilian Ministry of Education and Culture as University Center.[16]

Infrastructure

Transportation

Only one highway pass through the city, the SP-304, Rodovia Geraldo de Barros. It connects Águas de São Pedro with the cities of São Pedro (8 km northwest) and Piracicaba (29 km southeast). Due to the high traffic of trucks, part of the road that passes through the urban area have several potholes. With that problem, politicians of the municipality and the neighbouring cities pressure the state governor for the duplication of the highway.[17]

The old city's bus station was upgraded and it opened again on December 31, 2008, to properly receive the passengers of intercity buses.[18]

Utilities

Electricity is provided to the city by the São Paulo State Power and Light Company (Portuguese: Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz).[19]

Water is provided by the Basic Sanitation Company of the State of São Paulo (Sabesp),[20] which provides tap water to 100% of the city, but covers only 93,47%~95% of the city with sewage collection.[21][22] Águas de São Pedro do not have a sewage treatment plant, then all the collected sewage (101.7 kg BOD/month) is not treated[21] and it is disposed in the Araquá River, that is also one of the city's main water resources. The absence of a sewage treatment plant in the city has generated complaints from the population, questioning the responsibility of Sabesp in this problem.[23] Other problematic cases such as water catchment, erosion,[24] and environmental degradation[25] have caused the mayor considering not renew the contract with the company, which matures in April 2010.[26]

Health care

Águas de São Pedro do not have a hospital, only a Municipal First Aid Clinic and a [Medical] Specialties Clinic.

Sister cities

References and notes

Footnotes

  1. ^ He was the mayor in the absence of Armando Brandini.
  2. ^ He was the vice mayor of Armando Brandini, and acted as mayor since mid-1968. Mayor Brandini died in December 13, 1968, and Modesto remained in office.
  3. ^ He was elected for two consecutive terms.
  4. ^ Took office during the term of former mayor, who resigned due to allegations of corruption. He was elected to the office later.

Citations

  1. ^ "Official Territorial Area". Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). http://www.ibge.gov.br/english/geociencias/areaterritorial/area.php?nome=%C1guas+de+S%E3o+Pedro&codigo=&submit.x=23&submit.y=4. Retrieved August 8, 2011. 
  2. ^ "Mapa Florestal dos Municípios do Estado de São Paulo / Águas de São Pedro [Forestal Map of São Paulo State Municipalities / Águas de São Pedro]" (in Portuguese) (PDF). Forestal Institute of São Paulo State. http://www.iflorestal.sp.gov.br/sifesp/estadosaopaulo/aguasdesaopedro.pdf. Retrieved February 10, 2010. 
  3. ^ a b "Clima dos Municípios Paulistas / Águas de São Pedro [Climate of São Paulo State Municipalities / Águas de São Pedro]" (in Portuguese). Center for Meteorological and Climatic Researches Applied to Agriculture - Unicamp. http://www.cpa.unicamp.br/outras-informacoes/clima_muni_007.html. Retrieved June 17, 2009. 
  4. ^ a b c "Águas de São Pedro - SP / Infográficos [Águas de São Pedro - SP / Information Graphics]" (in Portuguese). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). http://www.ibge.gov.br/cidadesat/painel/painel.php?codmun=350060#. Retrieved July 13, 2009. 
  5. ^ "Estimativas das populações residentes, em 1º de julho de 2008, segundo os municípios [Resident population estimates, on July 1, 2008, according to the municipalities]" (in Portuguese) (PDF). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2008/POP2008_DOU.pdf. Retrieved July 13, 2009. 
  6. ^ "Estimativas das populações residentes, em 1º de julho de 2009, segundo os municípios [Resident population estimates, on July 1, 2009, according to the municipalities]" (in Portuguese) (PDF). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2009/POP2009_DOU.pdf. Retrieved August 15, 2009. 
  7. ^ "Tabela 2093 - População residente por cor ou raça, sexo, situação do domicílio e grupos de idade [Table 2093 - Resident population by color or race, sex, state of domicile and age groups]" (in Portuguese). IBGE System of Automatic Recovery (SIDRA). http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/protabl.asp?c=2093&i=P&nome=on&qtu8=137&qtu14=1&notarodape=on&tab=2093&opn8=0&opn14=0&unit=0&pov=1&poc2=1&opc1=1&OpcTipoNivt=1&opn1=2&nivt=0&orc86=7&poc1=1&sec58=0&orp=7&qtu3=27&qtu13=27&opv=1&poc86=2&opc2=1&sec1=0&pop=1&opn2=0&orv=2&orc2=4&opc58=1&qtu2=5&sev=93&opc86=2&sec2=0&opp=1&opn3=0&qtu6=5507&opn13=0&sec86=0&sep=24328&orn=1&qtu7=22&orc1=5&poc58=1&qtu1=1&opn9=0&cabec=on&orc58=6&opn7=0&decm=99&pon=2&qtu9=558&opn6=3&digt6=%C1guas+de+S%E3o+Pedro&OpcCara=44&proc=1. Retrieved August 11, 2009. 
  8. ^ a b "Tabela 2111 - População residente por tipo de deficiência, situação do domicílio, sexo e grupos de idade [Table 2111 - Resident population by type of disability, state of domicile, sex and age groups]" (in Portuguese). IBGE System of Automatic Recovery (SIDRA). http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/protabl.asp?c=2111&i=P&opc134=2&nome=on&qtu8=137&qtu14=1&notarodape=on&tab=2111&opn8=0&opn14=0&unit=0&pov=1&opc1=1&poc2=1&OpcTipoNivt=1&opn1=2&nivt=0&poc1=1&sec58=0&orp=7&qtu3=27&qtu13=27&opv=1&orc134=7&sec1=0&opc2=1&pop=1&opn2=0&orv=2&orc2=5&opc58=1&qtu2=5&sev=93&sec2=0&opp=1&opn3=0&qtu6=5507&opn13=0&poc134=2&sep=23504&orn=1&qtu7=22&sec134=0&pon=2&qtu9=558&opn6=3&digt6=%C1guas+de+S%E3o+Pedro&OpcCara=44&proc=1&orc1=4&poc58=1&qtu1=1&opn9=0&cabec=on&orc58=6&opn7=0&decm=99. Retrieved August 22, 2009. 
  9. ^ "Tabela 2094 - População residente por cor ou raça e religião [Table 2094 - Resident population by color or race and religion]" (in Portuguese). IBGE System of Automatic Recovery (SIDRA). http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/protabl.asp?c=2094&i=P&nome=on&qtu8=137&qtu14=1&notarodape=on&tab=2094&opn8=0&opn14=0&unit=0&pov=1&poc133=2&OpcTipoNivt=1&opn1=2&nivt=0&orc86=3&orp=5&qtu3=27&qtu13=27&opv=1&poc86=1&opc133=2&pop=1&opn2=0&orv=2&orc133=5&qtu2=5&sev=93&opc86=1&sec133=0&opp=1&opn3=0&qtu6=5507&opn13=0&sec86=0&sep=23487&orn=1&qtu7=22&pon=2&qtu9=558&opn6=3&digt6=%C1guas+de+S%E3o+Pedro&OpcCara=44&proc=1&qtu1=1&opn9=0&cabec=on&opn7=0&decm=99. Retrieved August 11, 2009. 
  10. ^ a b c d "Histórico da Paróquia de Águas de São Pedro [Historic of the Águas de São Pedro Parish]" (in Portuguese). São Pedro Pastoral Region of the Diocese of Piracicaba. Archived from the original on December 19, 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20101219225012/http://www.regiaopastoralsaopedro.org.br/aguas/index.jsp. Retrieved August 23, 2009. 
  11. ^ "Caminho do Sol - História [Way of the Sun - History]" (in Portuguese). Way of the Sun. http://www.caminhodosol.org/paginas.php?i=66. Retrieved October 12, 2010. 
  12. ^ "Caminho do Sol um pedaço do Céu em Águas de São Pedro [Way of the Sun: a piece of the sky in Águas de São Pedro]" (in Portuguese). Folha de São Pedro. July 26, 2008. http://www.folhadesaopedro.com.br/pg_noticias_det.php?id_noticia=5116,5. Retrieved February 10, 2010. 
  13. ^ "Resolución do 25 de febreiro de 2008, da Dirección Xeral de Patrimonio Cultural, pola que se inscribe a Asociación Instituto Caminho do Sol no Rexistro de Entidades de Promoción do Camiño de Santiago. [Resolution of February 25, 2008, from the Directorate for Cultural Heritage, which registers the Association Institute Way of the Sun in the Registry of Promotion Entities of the Way of St. James.]" (in Galician). Official Diary of Galicia. http://www.xunta.es/Dog/dog2008.nsf/FichaContenido/2F8EA?OpenDocument. Retrieved February 10, 2010. 
  14. ^ "Secretaria de Segurança Pública - SP - Estatísticas [Public Security Secretariat - SP - Statistics]" (in Portuguese). Public Security Secretariat of the State of São Paulo. Archived from the original on November 2, 2003. http://web.archive.org/web/20031102202847/http://www.ssp.sp.gov.br/estatisticas/criminais/municipio.asp?municipio=7. Retrieved July 17, 2009. 
  15. ^ "Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Estado de São Paulo [Public Security Secretariat of the State of São Paulo]" (in Portuguese). Public Security Secretariat of the State of São Paulo. http://www.ssp.sp.gov.br/estatistica/dados.aspx?id=7. Retrieved July 17, 2009. 
  16. ^ a b "Vestibular Senac 2008 - O SENAC [Senac Vestibular 2008 - THE SENAC]" (in Portuguese). Vunesp Foundation. Archived from the original on December 11, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20081211012645/http://www.vunesp.com.br/vestibulares/snac0702/manual/senac.htm. Retrieved August 2, 2009. 
  17. ^ "Indicação nº 874, de 2003 [Indication no. 874, from 2003]" (in Portuguese) (DOC). São Paulo State Legislative Assembly. http://webspl1.al.sp.gov.br/internet/download?poFileIfs=152850&/01_0874_2003_0152850.doc%22. Retrieved February 10, 2010. 
  18. ^ Bortoletto, Renan Jakubik (January 10, 2009). "Ex-prefeito Marcelo Bueno reinaugura terminal rodoviário em Águas de São Pedro [The former mayor Marcelo Bueno reinaugurates bus station in Águas de São Pedro]" (in Portuguese). Folha de São Pedro. http://www.folhadesaopedro.com.br/pg_noticias_det.php?id_noticia=5537,3. Retrieved February 10, 2010. 
  19. ^ "Relação dos Municípios atendidos pela CPFL - Companhia Paulista de Força e Luz [List of Municipalities served by CPFL - São Paulo State Power and Light Company]" (in Portuguese) (PDF). Sanitation and Energy Secretariat of the State of São Paulo. ftp://ftp.sp.gov.br/ftpenergia/muncpfl.pdf. Retrieved August 2, 2009. 
  20. ^ "Relação dos Municípios atendidos pela Sabesp [List of Municipalities served by Sabesp]" (in Portuguese) (PDF). Basic Sanitation Company of the State of São Paulo (Sabesp). http://www.sabesp.com.br/sabesp/filesmng.nsf/CDCF2D425ED6C4F7832575B600554CD9/$File/relacao_municipios_atendidosmai09.pdf. Retrieved July 29, 2009. 
  21. ^ a b "Diagnóstico Informativo - Saneamento - Esgoto [Informative Diagnostic - Sanitation - Sewage]" (in Portuguese) (XLS). Intermunicipal Consortium of the Watershed of the Rivers Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí. http://www2.agua.org.br/editor/file/Saneamento_Site.xls. Retrieved October 12, 2010. 
  22. ^ "Piracicaba ocupa 56ª posição em índice de acesso à rede de esgoto [Piracicaba occupies the 56th position in the index of access to sewarage]" (in Portuguese). A Tribuna. November 29, 2007. http://www.tribunatp.com.br/modules/news/article.php?storyid=258. Retrieved February 12, 2010. 
  23. ^ "Semana do Meio Ambiente em Águas de São Pedro [Natural Environment Week in Águas de São Pedro]" (in Portuguese). Folha de São Pedro. June 13, 2009. http://www.folhadesaopedro.com.br/pg_noticias_det.php?id_noticia=6124,5. Retrieved February 12, 2010. 
  24. ^ "Vereadores de Águas em reunião com o Presidente da SABESP [Águas aldermen in meeting with the President of SABESP]" (in Portuguese). Folha de São Pedro. October 10, 2007. http://www.folhadesaopedro.com.br/pg_noticias_det.php?id_noticia=2118,4. Retrieved February 12, 2010. 
  25. ^ "SABESP acolhe sugestão para Melhoria do Meio Ambiente [SABESP welcomes suggestions for Improving the Natural Environment]" (in Portuguese). Folha de São Pedro. May 24, 2008. http://www.folhadesaopedro.com.br/pg_noticias_det.php?id_noticia=4899,3. Retrieved February 12, 2010. 
  26. ^ Lekitsch, Stevan (December 19, 2009). "Paulo Borges faz balanço 2009 e antecipa o 2010 de Águas de São Pedro [Paulo Borges takes stock of 2009 and anticipates the 2010 of Águas de São Pedro]" (in Portuguese). Folha de São Pedro. http://www.folhadesaopedro.com.br/pg_noticias_det.php?id_noticia=6971,3. Retrieved February 12, 2010. 
  27. ^ "LEI MUNICIPAL Nº 2.002, DE 18/11/1991 - Cubatão / SP - Legislação Municipal [MUNICIPAL LAW NUMBER 2,002, FROM 1991-11-18 - Cubatão / SP - Municipal Legislation]" (in Portuguese). Cubatão Municipal Council. http://ceaam.net/cbt/legislacao/leis/1991/L2002.htm. Retrieved July 16, 2009. 

Further reading

External links